Batteries are used for providing DC voltage in a circuit.They mostly used to power home electronics and even military equipments.
Since the invention of batteries, engineering and science have tend to drive forward and it helps to change the world. Batteries are extremely important in our mordern technology world,right now you are using your smart phone or a laptop to read this tutorial,they are all powered with lithium polymer batteries,so you can see how important they are 😎. Just imagine how the world will be without batteries, without them engineering growth would be slow.
Introduction.
Battery was invented first by an Italian physicist "allessendra Volta in year 1800.They are usually composed of the following materials;
Illustration of a simple cell
1.electrodes.
These are solid conductors usually metals or graphite,thety take parts in chemical reactions in batteries,they are of two types:
(a) anode: they are the positive plates of batteries, during chemical reaction negative charges or electrons are drifted to them.
(b) cathode: they are the negative polarity of the batteries during chemical reactions positive charges are drifted to them.
2.Electrolyte:this is the molten or liquid part of batteries,they are acids or base,they conducts electricity when current is passed through them,they provide chemical reactions to the anodes which sets up electricity.
Difference between cells and batteries.
Cells.
symbol of a cell
are basically the smallest units of batteries,they consists of two electrodes and an electrolyte only.They can only produce low voltages like milivolts and few volts depending on the nature of the electrodes and it electrolyte.
Batteries.
symbol of a battery
are made from cells,they are usually connected together in series or parralel to provide high voltage.
Types Of Batteries.
1.rechargeable batteries.
these are also known as secondary batteries,they are reachargeable and can be used up and charged continuously.They are used in portable power electronics like smart phones,laptops,Chromebooks, clippers, rechargeable TVs and so on.
They are cost than non rechargeables but they tends to save money and also durable the non rechargeables.
Examples of rechargeable batteries.
(a) lithuim batteries.
they are one of the most powerful batteries and are most commonly used in smart phones, laptops and powerbanks.
A single battery produce 3.7v and they.have large capacity and can discharge current for hours.They are usually made in cylinderical form and also tablet form to.It is also used in making CMOS (complementary metalic oxide semiconductor) batteries for laptops and desktop computers and are used to power calculators
(b) lead acid batteries.
These are one of the first sets of rechargeables,they are used in powering cars, ignition systems, lamps,inverters and many more.They are cheaper than lithium batteries and a cell can produce 2.4v of electricity when fully charged.It draw back is they have lower capacitance than lithium types.
(c) lithium polymer batteries.
They are also called lipo batteries,they are stronger and have longer live span the lithium batteries.They are used in powering drones,and operating electronics that requires long serving and high capacity batteries and are only available in small Sizes.
2.non rechargeable batteries.
they can't be recharged when they completely discharged.they are used in powering tv remotes, clippers, transistor radios etc.
They are very cheap,but are being replaced slowly by rechargeables.
Batteries connection circuits.
They are usually connected in either series or parallel depending on their applications.To increase batteries voltage we connect them in series end to end as shown below but the current remains the same.
And also to increase batteries current they are connected in parallel as shown below.
How to select batteries for project works.
Selecting batteries for your projects depends on features like
Portability, duration of power supply, weight etc.For example, choosing a smartphone power source it needs to be portable or of small Sizes,have low weight, capacity and charging hours, renewable. So lithium ion batteries meet up this conditions and is choosed as it power source.
What is capacitance of a battery?
This is the hours it takes a battery to disharge current continuously without much voltage drops.
It is measured in AH(ampere hour).
Thus it takes a battery of 3000mAH to discharge 3A of current for one hour without much lose in voltage.
How to increase the capacitance of a battery.
1.using a more electropositive metals as the electrode.
2.using an electrolyte of much concentration.
3.by reducing polarization and local action effects on electrodes.
I hope you understand our tutorials if you have any question please feel free to comment on this post.
Tags:
Basic Electronics.
